Insights from a mechanical biological treatment (MBT) based solid waste treatment and disposal plant

Abstract

The improper treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) have severe environmental and health implications. To address these issues, it is crucial to implement appropriate technology in MSW treatment and disposal plants. Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plants, widely used by Indian municipalities, are a key part of this solution. These plant’s' effectiveness depends on the waste fraction's physical composition, effectiveness of the operation, and the level of implementation. The present study gives insights from a MBT-based MSW treatment and disposal plant of an Indian Municipality. The quality of the recovery products, such as solid recovered fuel (SRF)/segregated combustible fraction (SCF) and compost, the physical composition of the waste fraction, issues and challenges were assessed. It was found that compost produced by the MBT plant is safe for application on agricultural land. Still, it lacks phosphate and potash. The SRF produced by the MBT plant meets the fuel specification prescribed by the Indian SWM Rules 2016. Still, it contains a significant percentage of inert and biodegradable items. The plant does not have a Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) making unit, primary shredder, knives/bag opener in trommel screens, ballistic separator for construction and demolition waste, glass and ceramic, etc. The composting process and trommel screen operation need proper optimization.

The insights from this study are of significant value to policymakers, waste management experts, operators of MBT plants, and researchers in developing Asian countries. These findings provide practical insights that can guide future strategies and decisions in waste management, potentially leading to more effective and sustainable waste management practices in these regions.